Public "Level 3" DC Fast Charging stations can bring an EV's battery up to 80 percent of its capacity in around minutes, depending on the vehicle and the outside temperature a cold battery charges slower than does a warm one.
While most electric car charging is done at home, DC Fast Charging can come in handy should an EV owner may find the state of charge indicator getting nervously low while en route. Locating Level 3 stations is essential for those taking extended road trips. DC Fast Charging uses multiple connector configurations. Tesla uses a proprietary connector to access its high-speed Supercharger network, which is limited to its own vehicles. Tesla owners can, however, use other public chargers via an adaptor that comes with the vehicle.
That allows it to charge the car at a more rapid clip. The charger will sustain this rate for as long as possible, though it may drop to a more moderate speed if the vehicle tells the charger to slow down so as not to compromise battery life. This is known as the DC Fast Charging curve. Owners usually combine this technique with a full charge overnight using a domestic slow or rapid charger.
However, as a guide you can expect a standard 3kW slow charger to add 10 miles of range after an hour. There are a number of factors that can have an influence on charging speed, particularly when it comes to a full charge. The same is true of the charger you use, so a car with kW capability will only charge at 7kW on a fast charging wallbox. Battery heating systems try to keep the reduction in speed to a minimum, but they draw extra current when doing so, which adds to the slightly increased charging time.
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View all electric car news, advice and reviews. The charging time for a vehicle comes down to two primary factors: charger capacity and power source. These are the EV equivalent of filling that barrel with a fire hose. A certifiably lethal current of DC power is pumped into the car's battery, and miles of range are added in short order.
But, like all charging, the flow is throttled back when the vehicle battery's state-of-charge SoC is low or high. And vehicles' ability to accept DC charging varies widely. When the vehicle battery's SoC is below 20 percent or above 80 percent, a DC fast charger's charging rate slows considerably; this optimizes battery life and limits the risk of overcharging.
That last 20 percent may double the time you're hooked up to the fast charger. The time-consuming affair of completely filling the battery via a DC charger makes them best utilized on those days when you have anxiety about exceeding the range of your car, or when you are traveling and need to fill-up to reach your destination.
Charging at home overnight is a better solution for getting the juice you'll need for daily, local driving. There is a common misconception that the thing you plug into an electric car is the "charger," when in fact there's actually a battery charger in the car that converts the AC electricity from the wall into DC to charge the battery. Onboard chargers trickle power into the battery pack safely and have their own power ratings, typically in kilowatts.
If a car has a kW charger and a kWh battery pack, it would, in theory, take 10 hours to charge a fully depleted battery. This is, of course assuming the power source can maximize the chargers. Typical on-board chargers are at least 6. The current Tesla Model 3 Performance, for instance, has an
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